OOPS Common Interview Questions and Answers

1. What is the difference between procedural and object-oriented programs?- a) In procedural program, programming logic follows certain procedures and the instructions are executed one after another. In OOP program, unit of program is object, which is nothing but combination of data and code. b) In procedural program, data is exposed to the whole program whereas in OOPs program, it is accessible with in the object and which in turn assures the security of the code.
2. What are Encapsulation, Inheritance and Polymorphism?- Encapsulation is the mechanism that binds together code and data it manipulates and keeps both safe from outside interference and misuse. Inheritance is the process by which one object acquires the properties of another object. Polymorphism is the feature that allows one interface to be used for general class actions.
3. What is the difference between Assignment and Initialization?- Assignment can be done as many times as desired whereas initialization can be done only once.
4. What is OOPs?- Object oriented programming organizes a program around its data, i. e. , objects and a set of well defined interfaces to that data. An object-oriented program can be characterized as data controlling access to code.
5. What are Class, Constructor and Primitive data types?- Class is a template for multiple objects with similar features and it is a blue print for objects. It defines a type of object according to the data the object can hold and the operations the object can perform. Constructor is a special kind of method that determines how an object is initialized when created. Primitive data types are 8 types and they are: byte, short, int, long, float, double, boolean, char.
6. What is an Object and how do you allocate memory to it?- Object is an instance of a class and it is a software unit that combines a structured set of data with a set of operations for inspecting and manipulating that data. When an object is created using new operator, memory is allocated to it.
7. What is the difference between constructor and method?- Constructor will be automatically invoked when an object is created whereas method has to be called explicitly.
8. What are methods and how are they defined?- Methods are functions that operate on instances of classes in which they are defined. Objects can communicate with each other using methods and can call methods in other classes. Method definition has four parts. They are name of the method, type of object or primitive type the method returns, a list of parameters and the body of the method. A method’s signature is a combination of the first three parts mentioned above.
9. How many ways can an argument be passed to a subroutine and explain them?- An argument can be passed in two ways. They are passing by value and passing by reference. Passing by value: This method copies the value of an argument into the formal parameter of the subroutine. Passing by reference: In this method, a reference to an argument (not the value of the argument) is passed to the parameter.
10. What is the difference between an argument and a parameter?- While defining method, variables passed in the method are called parameters. While using those methods, values passed to those variables are called arguments.
11. What are different types of access modifiers?- public: Any thing declared as public can be accessed from anywhere. private: Any thing declared as private can’t be seen outside of its class. protected: Any thing declared as protected can be accessed by classes in the same package and subclasses in the other packages. default modifier : Can be accessed only to classes in the same package.
12. What are Transient and Volatile Modifiers?- Transient: The transient modifier applies to variables only and it is not stored as part of its object’s Persistent state. Transient variables are not serialized. Volatile: Volatile modifier applies to variables only and it tells the compiler that the variable modified by volatile can be changed unexpectedly by other parts of the program.
13. What is method overloading and method overriding?- Method overloading: When a method in a class having the same method name with different arguments is said to be method overloading. Method overriding : When a method in a class having the same method name with same arguments is said to be method overriding.
14. What is difference between overloading and overriding?- a) In overloading, there is a relationship between methods available in the same class whereas in overriding, there is relationship between a superclass method and subclass method. b) Overloading does not block inheritance from the superclass whereas overriding blocks inheritance from the superclass. c) In overloading, separate methods share the same name whereas in overriding, subclass method replaces the superclass. d) Overloading must have different method signatures whereas overriding must have same signature.
15. What is meant by Inheritance and what are its advantages?- Inheritance is the process of inheriting all the features from a class. The advantages of inheritance are reusability of code and accessibility of variables and methods of the super class by subclasses.
16. What is the difference between this() and super()?- this() can be used to invoke a constructor of the same class whereas super() can be used to invoke a super class constructor.
17. What is the difference between superclass and subclass?- A super class is a class that is inherited whereas sub class is a class that does the inheriting.
18. What modifiers may be used with top-level class?- public, abstract and final can be used for top-level class.
19. What are inner class and anonymous class?- Inner class : classes defined in other classes, including those defined in methods are called inner classes. An inner class can have any accessibility including private. Anonymous class : Anonymous class is a class defined inside a method without a name and is instantiated and declared in the same place and cannot have explicit constructors.
20. What is interface and its use?- Interface is similar to a class which may contain method’s signature only but not bodies and it is a formal set of method and constant declarations that must be defined by the class that implements it. Interfaces are useful for: a)Declaring methods that one or more classes are expected to implement b)Capturing similarities between unrelated classes without forcing a class relationship. c)Determining an object’s programming interface without revealing the actual body of the class.
21. What is an abstract class?- An abstract class is a class designed with implementation gaps for subclasses to fill in and is deliberately incomplete.
22. What is the difference between abstract class and interface?- a) All the methods declared inside an interface are abstract whereas abstract class must have at least one abstract method and others may be concrete or abstract. b) In abstract class, key word abstract must be used for the methods whereas interface we need not use that keyword for the methods. c) Abstract class must have subclasses whereas interface can’t have subclasses.
23. Can you have an inner class inside a method and what variables can you access?- Yes, we can have an inner class inside a method and final variables can be accessed.
24. What is the difference between Array and vector?- Array is a set of related data type and static whereas vector is a growable array of objects and dynamic.
25. What is the difference between exception and error?- The exception class defines mild error conditions that your program encounters. Exceptions can occur when trying to open the file, which does not exist, the network connection is disrupted, operands being manipulated are out of prescribed ranges, the class file you are interested in loading is missing. The error class defines serious error conditions that you should not attempt to recover from. In most cases it is advisable to let the program terminate when such an error is encountered.
26. What is the difference between process and thread?- Process is a program in execution whereas thread is a separate path of execution in a program.
27. What is multithreading and what are the methods for inter-thread communication and what is the class in which these methods are defined?- Multithreading is the mechanism in which more than one thread run independent of each other within the process. wait (), notify () and notifyAll() methods can be used for inter-thread communication and these methods are in Object class. wait() : When a thread executes a call to wait() method, it surrenders the object lock and enters into a waiting state. notify() or notifyAll() : To remove a thread from the waiting state, some other thread must make a call to notify() or notifyAll() method on the same object.

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C++ Interview Questions and Answers (FAQ)

1. What is virtual constructors/destructors? Virtual destructors: If an object (with a non-virtual destructor) is destroyed explicitly by applying the delete operator to a base-class pointer to the object, the base-class destructor function (matching the pointer type) is called on the object.
There is a simple solution to this problem – declare a virtual base-class destructor. This makes all derived-class destructors virtual even though they don’t have the same name as the base-class destructor. Now, if the object in the hierarchy is destroyed explicitly by applying the delete operator to a base-class pointer to a derived-class object, the destructor for the appropriate class is called.

Virtual constructor: Constructors cannot be virtual. Declaring a constructor as a virtual function is a syntax error. Does c++ support multilevel and multiple inheritance?
Yes.

2. Why Garbage collection?
Since C++ does not provide automatic garbage collection like some other languages, smart pointers can be used for that purpose. The simplest garbage collection scheme is reference counting or reference linking, but it is quite possible to implement more sophisticated garbage collection schemes with smart pointers.

3. How to write a swap( ) function which swaps the values of the variables using bitwise operators.?
Ans: Here is the swap( ) function.
swap ( int *x, int *y )
{
*x ^= *y ;
*y ^= *x ;
*x ^= *y ;
}
The swap( ) function uses the bitwise XOR operator and does not require any temporary variable for swapping.

4. What are the advantages of inheritance? • It permits code reusability.
• Reusability saves time in program development.
• It encourages the reuse of proven and debugged high-quality software, thus reducing problem
after a system becomes functional.

5. What is the difference between declaration and definition? The declaration tells the compiler that at some later point we plan to present the definition of this declaration.
E.g.: void stars () //function declaration
The definition contains the actual implementation.
E.g.: void stars () // declarator
{
for(int j=10; j>=0; j--) //function body
cout<<”*”; cout< function_declaration; template
function_declaration;
The only difference between both prototypes is the use of keyword class or typename, its use is
indistinct since both expressions have exactly the same meaning and behave exactly the same way.

6. What do you mean by inline function? The idea behind inline functions is to insert the code of a called function at the point where the
function is called. If done carefully, this can improve the application's
performance in exchange for increased compile time and possibly (but not always) an increase in the size of the generated binary executables.

7. What is virtual class and friend class? Friend classes are used when two or more classes are designed to work together and need access
to each other's implementation in ways that the rest of the world
shouldn't be allowed to have. In other words, they help keep private things private. For instance, it may be desirable for class DatabaseCursor to have more privilege to the internals of class Database than main() has.

8. What is function overloading and operator overloading? Student Resources Function overloading: C++ enables several functions of the same name to be defined, as long as these functions have different sets of parameters (at least as far as their types are concerned). This capability is called function overloading. When an overloaded function is called, the C++ compiler selects the proper function by examining the number, types and order of the arguments in the call.
Function overloading is commonly used to create several functions of the same name that perform similar tasks but on different data types.
Operator overloading allows existing C++ operators to be redefined so that they work on objects
of user-defined classes. Overloaded operators are syntactic sugar for
equivalent function calls. They form a pleasant facade that doesn't add anything fundamental to the language (but they can improve understandability and reduce
maintenance costs).

9. Difference between realloc() and free()? The free subroutine frees a block of memory previously allocated by the malloc subroutine.
Undefined results occur if the Pointer parameter is not a valid pointer. If the Pointer parameter is a null value, no action will occur. The realloc subroutine changes the size of the block of memory pointed to by the Pointer parameter to the number of bytes specified by the Size parameter and returns a new pointer to the block. The pointer specified by the Pointer parameter must have been created with the malloc, calloc, or realloc subroutines and not been deallocated with the free or realloc subroutines. Undefined results occur if the Pointer parameter is not a valid pointer

10. What do you mean by binding of data and functions? Encapsulation.

11. What is abstraction? Abstraction is of the process of hiding unwanted details from the user.
12. What is encapsulation? Packaging an object’s variables within its methods is called encapsulation.
13. What is the difference between an object and a class? Classes and objects are separate but related concepts. Every object belongs to a class and every
class contains one or more related objects.
Ø A Class is static. All of the attributes of a class are fixed before, during, and after the execution of a program. The attributes of a class don't change.
Ø The class to which an object belongs is also (usually) static. If a particular object belongs to a
certain class at the time that it is created then it almost certainly will still belong to that class right up until the time that it is destroyed.

Ø An Object on the other hand has a limited lifespan. Objects are created and eventually destroyed. Also during that lifetime, the attributes of the object may undergo significant change.

14. What is polymorphism? Explain with an example? "Poly" means "many" and "morph" means "form". Polymorphism is the ability of an object (or
reference) to assume (be replaced by) or become many different forms of
object.
Example: function overloading, function overriding, virtual functions. Another example can be a plus ‘+’ sign, used for adding two integers or for using it to concatenate two strings.

15. What do you mean by inheritance? Inheritance is the process of creating new classes, called derived classes, from existing classes or
base classes. The derived class inherits all the capabilities of the base class, but can add
embellishments and refinements of its own.
16. What is a scope resolution operator? A scope resolution operator (::), can be used to define the member functions of a class outside the class.
17. What are virtual functions? A virtual function allows derived classes to replace the implementation provided by the base class. The compiler makes sure the replacement is always called whenever
the object in question is actually of the derived class, even if the object is accessed by a base pointer rather than a derived pointer. This allows algorithms in the base class to be replaced in the derived class, even if users don't know about the derived class.

18. What is friend function? As the name suggests, the function acts as a friend to a class. As a friend of a class, it can access its private and protected members. A friend function is not a member of
the class. But it must be listed in the class definition.

19. What is the difference between class and structure? Structure: Initially (in C) a structure was used to bundle different type of data types together to
perform a particular functionality. But C++ extended the structure to contain functions also. The
major difference is that all declarations inside a structure are by default public.
Class: Class is a successor of Structure. By default all the members inside the class are private.

20. What is public, protected, private? Ø Public, protected and private are three access specifiers in C++.
Ø Public data members and member functions are accessible outside the class.
Ø Protected data members and member functions are only available to derived classes.
Ø Private data members and member functions can’t be accessed outside the class.
However there is an exception can be using friend classes.

21. What is an object? Object is a software bundle of variables and related methods. Objects have state and behavior.
22. What is a class? Class is a user-defined data type in C++. It can be created to solve a particular kind of problem.
After creation the user need not know the specifics of the working of a class.


Q. When linking C or Assembly language modules with C++ modules I get undefined symbol errors at link time. It appears that none of the C or Assembly public symbols can be found.
A. C++ is a strongly typed language. In order to support the language to its fullest, Turbo C++ must attach information to the symbols generated for function names and variables. When this is done, the symbol will no longer match the standard C style function name. In order to link correctly, the compiler must be notified that the symbol is declared in an external module without type information tacked on to the symbol. This is done by prototyping the function as type extern "C". Here is a quick example: extern "C" int normal_c_func( float, int, char ); // name not altered void cplusplus_function( int ); // name altered See related comments under Linker Errors and in the Paradox Engine question in this section.

Q. Classes with static data members are getting linker errors ("undefined").
A. This code is built into Turbo C++ 1.0 but not in version 3.0. In the 1.0 compiler, static members without definitions were given a default value of 0. This default definition will no longer be made in the compiler. The programmer must now give an explicit definition for each static member. Here is a quick example:
class A
{
static int i;
};
A linker error saying that A::i is not defined will result unless the source also contains a line such as:
int A::i = 1;

Q. What potential problems can arise from typecasting a base class pointer into a derived class pointer so that the derived class's member functions can be called?
A. Syntactically this is allowable. There is always the possibility of a base pointer actually pointing to a base class. If this is typecast to a derived type, the method being called may not exist in the base class. Therefore, you would be grabbing the address of a function that does not exist.

Q: What's the difference between the keywords STRUCT and CLASS?
A: The members of a STRUCT are PUBLIC by default, while in CLASS, they default to PRIVATE. They are otherwise functionally equivalent.

Q: I have declared a derived class from a base class, but I can't access any of the base class members with the derived class function.
A: Derived classes DO NOT get access to private members of a base class. In order to access members of a base class, the base class members must be declared as either public or protected. If they are public, then any portion of the program can access them. If they are protected, they are accessible by the class members, friends, and any derived classes.

Q: How can I use the Paradox Engine 1.0 with C++?,
A: Because the Paradox Engine functions are all compiled as C functions, you will have to assure that the names of the functions do not get "mangled" by the C++ compiler. To do this you need to prototype the Engine functions as extern "C". In the pxengine.h header file insert the following code at the lines indicated.

/* inserted at line # 268 */
#ifdef __cplusplus
extern "C" {
#endif

/* inserted at line # 732, just before the final #endif */
#ifdef __cplusplus
}
#endif

Paradox Engine version 2.0 is "aware" of C++ and thus does not require any modifications to its header file.

Q: I have a class that is derived from three base classes. Can I insure that one base class constructor will be called before all other constructors?
A: If you declare the base class as a virtual base class, its constructor will be called before any non-virtual base class constructors. Otherwise the constructors are called in left-to-right order on the declaration line for the class.

Q: Are the standard library I/O functions still available for use with the C++ iostreams library?
A: Yes, using

#include

functions such as printf() and scanf() will continue to be available. However, using them in conjunction with stream oriented functions can lead to unpredictable behaviour.

Q. In C++, given two variables of the same name, one local and one global, how do I access the global instance within the local scope?
A. Use the scope (::) operator.

int x = 10;
for(int x=0; x < ::x; x++)
{
cout << "Loop # " << x << "\n"; // This will loop 10 times
}

Q. Will the following two functions be overloaded by the compiler, or will the compiler flag it as an error? Why?
void test( int x, double y); & int test( int a, double b);
A. The compiler will flag this as a redeclaration error because neither return types nor argument names are considered when determining unique signatures for overloading functions. Only number and type of arguments are considered.

Q. If I pass a character to a function which only accepts an int, what will the compiler do? Will it flag it as an error?
A. No. The compiler will promote the char to an int and use the integer representation in the function instead of the character itself.

Q. I was trying to allocate an array of function pointers using the new operator but I keep getting declaration syntax errors using the following
syntax: new int(*[10])(); What's wrong?
A. The new operator is a unary operator and binds first to the int keyword producing the following: (new int) (*[10])();
You need to put parentheses around the expression to produce the expected results: new (int (*[10]());

Q. What are inline functions? What are their advantages? How are they declared?
A. An inline function is a function which gets textually inserted by the compiler, much like macros. The advantage is that execution time is shortened because linker overhead is minimized. They are declared by using the inline keyword when the function is declared:

inline void func(void) { cout << "printing inline function \n"; }

or by including the function declaration and code body within a class:

class test
{
tv public:
void func(void) { cout << "inline function within a class.\n"}
};

Q. If I don't specify either public or private sections in a class, what is the default?
A. In a class, all members are private by default if neither public nor private sections are declared.

Q. What does the _seg modifier do?
A. Using _seg causes a pointer to become a storage place for a segment value, rather than an offset ( or a segment/offset ). For instance, if "int _seg *x" contains the value 0x40, then when you use "*x", the value pointed to will be at segment 0x40, offset 0. If you add a value to the pointer, the value is multiplied by the size of the pointer type. That new value is used as an offset, and is combined with the segment value contained in the pointer. For instance,

int _seg *x;
int value;

x = (int _seg *)0x40;
value = *(x + 20);

value is assigned the value of the integer at 0x40:0x28
(Remember, 20 * sizeof(int) = 40 = 0x28).


Q. Can I statically allocate more than 64K of data in a single module?
A. Yes. Far data items are now supported:

...
char far array1[60000L];
char far array2[60000L];
...

For arrays larger than 64k use:
char huge array3[100000L];

Q. What is a friend member function?
A. Declaring a friend gives non-members of a class access to the non-public members of a class.

Q. Why do I get a "Type name expected" error on my definition of a friend class in my new class?
A You need to let the compiler know that the label you use for your friend class is another class. If you do not want to define your entire class, you can simply have "class xxx", where xxx is your label.

Q: How can I output hex values in upper case using the iostream libraries?
A: You need to set the state of the stream using setf(). For example,

#include

int main(void)
{
cout << hex;
cout << "\nNot upper-case : " << 255;
cout.setf(ios::upper-case);
cout << "\nUppercase : " << 255;
return 0;
}

Q. What is the "this" pointer?
A. "this" is a local variable in the body of a non-static member function. It is a pointer to the object for which the function was invoked. It cannot be used outside of a class member function body.

Q. Why does a binary member function only accept a single argument?
A. The first argument is defined implicitly.

Q. Looking through the class libraries there are definitions in classes which look like:
class test {
int funct( void ) const;
};
What is the const keyword doing here?
A. There is a pointer to the object for which a function is called known as the 'this' pointer. By default the type of 'this' is X *const ( a constant pointer). The const keyword changes the type to const X *const ( a constant pointer to constant data ).

Q: I want to use _new_handler and set_new_handler.
A: Turbo C++ supports _new_handler and set_new_handler. The type of _new_handler is as follows.
typedef void (*vfp)(void);
vfp _new_handler;
vfp set_new_handler( vfp );

Q: I would like to use C++ fstreams on a file opened in binary mode, how is this done?
A: Use ios::binary as the open mode for the file:
#include
ifstream binfile;
binfile.open("myfile.bin", ios::binary);

Q: How can I get at the DOS file handle associated with my iostream?
A: Using a combination of member functions fd() and rdbuf() you can get at the file handle.
#include
#define fstrno(s) (((s).rdbuf())->fd())
ifstream test("test.txt");
cout << "handle is " << fstrno(test) << '\n';

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Resume Writing Tricks and Tips

What is a Resume?
The word “resume” is a French word meaning “summary”. Often times, you’ll hear a resume referred to as a “vitale”; a Latin word meaning “data about life”. They are both the same thing - a simple, well-organized profile of your experiences and qualifications.
A resume is your calling card when you apply for a job. Usually, your resume has to sell an employer on giving you an interview. Interviews get the job; resumes can only get an interview. Very often, personnel people will pattern the interview on the resume they have received from you. Thus, it is essential that you have a resume and that it be a good one.
A resume should contain brief but sufficient information to tell a prospective employer:
• Who you are
• What type of job you would like to do
• What you can do
• What you have done
• What you know
Your resume is often the first contact an employer will have with you, so it is important that you present yourself to your best advantage. Your resume must look professional and read professionally.

Part of the Resume:

Heading: Be sure to place your name, your current address, and your current phone number at the top of the page. Make it easy for an employer to reach you. Note: If you are away from home much of the time, you might want to list an alternate number. Remember: if you move, change your name, or change your phone number; change it on your resume.

Objectives: It is wise to have an objective. The employer needs to know what position you are seeking. You do not need to explain your long-term objective; he is only interested (as far as the resume is concerned) in what you want to do at the present. Objectives should be short and to the point.

Do: I am looking for a position of responsibility in the printing industry, utilizing training and “hands-on” experience in photo typesetting and camera-ready layout.

Don't Do: A management or supervisory position where the ability to conceptualize and follow through on new or existing programs is needed, as well as a position with growth and upward mobility that would utilize maximum potential. This is too general or flowery. (What does this person really want to do?)

Work Experience:
When describing what you did on previous jobs, use action words (like Accepted ,Accomplished, Accounted for, Achieved, Acquired, Acted, Adapted, Addressed, Adjusted, Administered, Advised, Advocated, Allocated, Analyzed, Applied, Appointed, Appraised, Approved, Arbitrated, etc.). Describe job duties and skills - not just job title. If you have done something in a previous job that relates in any way to your objective, be sure to include this. Point out your strongest experience first. Be sure to mention any jobs where you can say that you made specific “accomplishments” in your position. Be sure to mention any jobs where you can say that you made specific “accomplishments” in your position.

If you have had little work experience in your filed, but do have the training for this kind of position, put down Education first. If you have work experience in this field, but so far, little training, put Work Experience first.

Education: Under education, do not just state that you have graduated from Columbus State Community College in your technology. List some courses you have taken that will show the employer that you have knowledge about this field. If applicable to your technology, list machines you can use, skills you have acquired, languages you have studied. Be sure to list any other training (other than-Columbus State Community College) that you may also have had in this field.


Salary: Do not mention salary - either from previous employment or from expectations for your new position.

Volunteer: Remember to include volunteer work in the general area of your field. Extensive hobby work in your area can also build up your credibility. Be sure to include co-ops, internships, or field experiences. Experience is experience, paid or not.

Personal: Listing your personal information such as birth date, marital status, etc., is sometimes beneficial, sometimes not. This is definitely a personal preference. However, for most positions, no one will care about the color of your hair, your eyes, etc.


References: It is generally acceptable to simply put “References available upon request”. If you list names, etc., some of your references may move, quit jobs, etc., and you will have to do the resume all over again. An alternative to listing references on the resume is to have them on a separate sheet of paper, and take this sheet to your interview.

Resumne Checklist:

Did you list educational activity such as training?
Do you have experience in money management?
Do you have any people management activities?
Have you listed organization-building activities?
Have you mentioned your people skills?
Do you have selling experience?
Have you discussed your ability to interact with customers or clients?
Have you included your ability to work as part a team?
Have you listed your trouble-shooting or problem solving skills?
Have you mentioned your ability to organize data?
Have you listed activities when you organized projects?
Did you include your writing skills?
Did you include your ability to lead others?
Have you listed all extracurricular and volunteer work?
Have you included your particular values and work ethics?


General Tips:

Keep your resume to one or two pages - do not go beyond two pages.
Employers want to look at a resume and quickly find the information they need - keep it clear and concise.
Know what skills you can offer, and what type of job you are looking to do. Give your resume a job focus in your “objective”.
Use a resume type that presents your background in the strongest way. There is no one way to prepare a resume. Chose a style that best reflects your strong points, i.e. Educational Resume, Work-Experience Resume, or Skills Resume
Use a word processor to prepare your resume. Spell check your document but be sure to proofread it yourself for errors, typos, and misused words, these can ruin even the best resume.
Graphics can help make or break the appearance of the resume. Make important points stand out by chunking the information, using shaded boxes, or carefully placed elements.
Professionally printed resumes look best, and can usually be copied at a quick-print shop at little expense. Have the printer use a good quality paper - white, off-white, cream or beige. This is no time to skimp.


What is a Cover Letter?

Resumes are mailed to the prospective employer under the cover of a letter. The “cover” letter applies for a specific job, highlights appropriate skills and/or experience by referring to an enclosed resume, and requests and interview. It should covey I am interested in you. Here’s why you should be interested in me. Can we set up a time an interview?”

The cover letter should be personal and directed towards one particular employer. If you are sending your resume to 15 different potential employers you will need to write 15 different cover letters. Each letter will have a somewhat different focus depending on how your skills relate to the employer’s needs. Never use a form cover letter to accompany your resume.

Cover letters should be 1/2 - 3/4 page in length; 3 - 4 paragraphs (see example) and typewritten. Be concise, direct and creative. Open with an idea that captures attention and leads to your strongest selling point.

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Tricky C interview questions

1. How do you write a program which produces its own source code as its output?
2. How can I find the day of the week given the date?
3. Why doesn’t C have nested functions?
4. What is the most efficient way to count the number of bits which are set in a value?
5. How can I convert integers to binary or hexadecimal?
6. How can I call a function, given its name as a string?
7. How do I access command-line arguments?
8. How can I return multiple values from a function?
9. How can I invoke another program from within a C program?
10. How can I access memory located at a certain address?
11. How can I allocate arrays or structures bigger than 64K?
12. How can I find out how much memory is available?
13. How can I read a directory in a C program?
14. How can I increase the allowable number of simultaneously open files?
15. What’s wrong with the call fopen(”c:\newdir\file.dat”, “r”)?

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Tricky C interview questions

1. How do you write a program which produces its own source code as its output?
2. How can I find the day of the week given the date?
3. Why doesn’t C have nested functions?
4. What is the most efficient way to count the number of bits which are set in a value?
5. How can I convert integers to binary or hexadecimal?
6. How can I call a function, given its name as a string?
7. How do I access command-line arguments?
8. How can I return multiple values from a function?
9. How can I invoke another program from within a C program?
10. How can I access memory located at a certain address?
11. How can I allocate arrays or structures bigger than 64K?
12. How can I find out how much memory is available?
13. How can I read a directory in a C program?
14. How can I increase the allowable number of simultaneously open files?
15. What’s wrong with the call fopen(”c:\newdir\file.dat”, “r”)?

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