Wipro Company Profile

Wipro Technologies is a global services provider delivering technology-driven business solutions that meet the strategic objectives of our clients. Wipro has 55+ ‘Centers of Excellence’ that create solutions around specific needs of industries. Wipro delivers unmatched business value to customers through a combination of process excellence, quality frameworks and service delivery innovation. Wipro is the World's first CMMi Level 5 certified software services company and the first outside USA to receive the IEEE Software Process Award.Azim H. Premji has been Wipro Ltd.'s Chairman of the Board and Managing Director since September 1968. Mr. Premji holds a Bachelor of Science in Electrical Engineering from Stanford University. Currently, he is also a Director of Media Lab Asia.
The largest independent R&D Services provider in the world
*Over half billion revenue from R&D
*Among the top 3 offshore BPO services provider in the world
*A strategic partner to five of the top ten most innovative companies in the world
*Only Indian company to be ranked among the top 10 global outsourcing providers in IAOP's 2006 Global Outsourcing 100 listing
With over 25 years in the Information Technology business, Wipro Technologies is the largest outsourced R & D Services provider and one of the pioneers in the remote delivery of IT services. Being a global provider of consulting, IT Services, outsourced R&D, infrastructure outsourcing and business process services, we deliver technology-driven business solutions that meet the strategic objectives of our Global 2000 customers.
We are ranked 20 th in the Global Top Companies for Leaders 2007 and ranked #5 in the Asia-Pacific Region. (By Hewitt Associates, Fortune Magazine and the RBL group)
Wipro has a well-defined and robust partner ecosystem. This enables it to provide a complete range of R&D/product engineering solutions to its customers.It uses the "extended engineering" model (where a technology company opens its R&D department to external engineering partners) to leverage R&D investment, access new knowledge, and gain experience globally.
Wipro’s revenue for these services grew by 30% as against head count growth of 24.1%. This speaks volumes about Wipro’s capability to maximize its asset utilization.
Wipro has a well-defined end-to-end service offering strategy. This will enable it to get additional portions of its customers’ business.

Wipro’s top 5 customers contribute to about 33.5% of its revenue. This ratio is on the higher side, and Wipro should work toward reducing this dependency to about 25%.
Services
*Business Intelligence & Information Management
*Business Process Management (BPM)
*Portals & Content Management
*Enterprise Applications Services
*Enterprise Security
*Legacy Migration
*Quality Consulting
*Enterprise Business Integration
*Tandem NonStop Application Services
*Testing Services
*Service Oriented Architecture

Global Footprint
Wipro today employs 96,000 people in over 50 countries. We continue to expand our global footprint across the world by providing comprehensive IT solutions and services, including systems integration, information systems outsourcing, package implementation, software application development and maintenance and research and development services to Global 2000 customers utilizing a Global Services Delivery Platform.
Wipro and Innovation
At Wipro, innovation is more than just a passion. It's our philosophy. We believe in innovation and express it through out-of-the-box approaches. We encourage and drive our people to study the best innovative practices from companies across the world and leverage the best solution possible for our customers. Over 11% of our global revenue today is a direct result of innovation. As an integral part of innovation, you will continuously face challenges to create a better tomorrow. This means, you will develop solutions that are future-ready, have international acceptance and are easy to implement.
Opportunities for careers
A career at Wipro means to learn and grow continuously, opportunities to work on the latest technologies alongside the finest minds in the industry, competitive salaries, stock options and excellent benefits. We offer challenging assignments, a world-class working environment, professional management and ample opportunities to train and learn, along with exceptional rewards.
*We at Wipro can proudly say that very few software service organizations can match the wide spectrum of technologies we work on. Each of which is treated with special focus and constantly upgraded to meet the needs of the future. Telecommunications, Systems Software, Communication protocols, Wireless technologies, Next generation networks, Hardware design, VLSI, Applications and Gateways, Bluetooth, DSL, Cable modems, E-Commerce, Datawarehousing, SCM, CRM, ERP - whatever your area of expertise may be, we have a challenging career for you.
*We offer Product Realization, reengineering and Design Services in technology areas like, Datacom, Networking and Embedded Systems. Opportunities in Technology Infrastructure Services and Testing are also available.
Opportunities for Growth
Wipro gives you the freedom to take risks.
Moreover, you can count on highly motivated and talented colleagues to support you with constructive feedback to ensure that you succeed.
It goes without saying that exemplary performance is unquestionably rewarded at Wipro. We have a structured 360o performance review process. There are various awards and recognition programs, which have been institutionalized across the organization. We constantly enhance our reward program to motivate and encourage you to achieve your goals.
Our rigorous Talent Engagement and Development program nurtures talent and builds leaders diligently. Wipro is built on a foundation of core values. These values help you become a consistent performer with an intense desire to win, act with sensitivity, sincerity and unyielding integrity.
Your career at Wipro is your path to choose. 'Wings Within', an internal and transparent job posting system, gives you the flexibility to apply to the job of your choice and map your own career.
2008 revenues at Wipro Limited (ADR) totaled $4.9B, while annual earnings equaled $0.55 per share.
Divisions
• Wipro BPO
• Wipro Spectramind
• Wipro Infotech Ltd
• Wipro Consulting
• Infocrossing
Headquarters Bangalore Area, India
Industry Information Technology and Services
Type Public Company
Status Operating Subsidiary
Company Size Around 96,000

Address:
Headquarters
Doddakannelli Sarjapur Road
Bangalore, Karnataka 560 035
India

For careers in wipro please visit www.wipro.com/careers/index.htm
For more details please visit www.wipro.com

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TCS COMPANY PROFILE

Tata Consultancy Services (TCS)
Tata Consultancy Services (TCS) is the world-leading information technology consulting, services, and business process outsourcing organization that envisioned and pioneered the adoption of the flexible global business practices that today enable companies to operate more efficiently and produce more value.

Tata Consultancy Services started in 1968. The early days marked TCS responsible in managing the punch card operations of Tisco. The company, which was into management consultancy from day one, soon felt the need to provide solutions to its clients as well. TCS was the first Indian company to make forays into the US market with clients ranging from IBM, American Express, Sega etc.
TCS’s work has spanned a range of activities, from strategy consulting and system integration services to offshore development centres for some of the most sophisticated software development in the world. Consider these facts about TCS:

Projects for over 1000 clients in more than 55 countries. Our clients get measurable business results, which is why many Fortune 500 companies prefer TCS. More than 100,000 person years of experience in diverse business domains and technology areas.

Knowledge accumulation through collaborative research with industry and academia, and partnerships with global technology leaders.
The company recorded revenues of INR186,332.1 million (approximately $4,129 million) during the fiscal year ended March 2007, an increase of 40.7% over 2006. The operating profit of the company was INR46,444.4 million (approximately $1,029 million) during fiscal year 2007, an increase of 37% over 2006. The net profit was INR41,315.3 million (approximately $ 916 million) in fiscal year 2007, an increase of 43.3% over 2006.
A part of the Tata Group, India’s largest industrial conglomerate, TCS has over 120,000 of the world's best trained IT consultants in 42 countries. The Company generated consolidated revenues of US $5.7 billion for fiscal year ended 31 March, 2008 and is listed on the National Stock Exchange and Bombay Stock Exchange in India
Over 28,000 consultants, a range of world-class products, proven offshore development
capabilities, and multiple SEI CMM Level 5 centres.

Total revenues of Rs 5,012 crore ($ 1.04 billion) in the year ended March 31, 2003.
TCS believes that IT is a key factor for social change and is committed to several community development ventures.

If you have the talent and the ambition to grow, there's plenty of space for you at TCS. Its streams of competence embrace everything from technology and strategy to research and teaching
Specialties
IT Services, Business Solutions, Outsourcing, Consulting
Financial Highlights
Fiscal Year End: March
Revenue (2008): 5722.20 M
Revenue Growth (1 yr): 33.40%
Employees (2008): 108,000
Employee Growth (1 yr): 27.10%
Headquarters Bombay Area, India
Industry Information Technology and Services
Type Public Company
Status Operating
Company Size 120,000 employees
2007 Revenue 188,682 mil [INR] (41%)
Founded 1968
Contact
Tata Consultancy Services TCS House,
Raveline Street, 21 DS Marg, Fort
Mumbai, MAH 400001
India
For more details please visit www.tcs.com
Also Visit TCS Recruitment website : http://www.recruitment.tcs.co.in

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PHP interview questions and answers

1. What does a special set of tags <?= and ?> do in PHP? - The output is displayed directly to the browser.
2. What’s the difference between include and require? - It’s how they handle failures. If the file is not found by require(), it will cause a fatal error and halt the execution of the script. If the file is not found by include(), a warning will be issued, but execution will continue.
3. I am trying to assign a variable the value of 0123, but it keeps coming up with a different number, what’s the problem? - PHP Interpreter treats numbers beginning with 0 as octal. Look at the similar PHP interview questions for more numeric problems.
4. Would I use print "$a dollars" or "{$a} dollars" to print out the amount of dollars in this example? - In this example it wouldn’t matter, since the variable is all by itself, but if you were to print something like "{$a},000,000 mln dollars", then you definitely need to use the braces.
5. How do you define a constant? - Via define() directive, like define ("MYCONSTANT", 100);
6. How do you pass a variable by value? - Just like in C++, put an ampersand in front of it, like $a = &$b
7. Will comparison of string "10" and integer 11 work in PHP? - Yes, internally PHP will cast everything to the integer type, so numbers 10 and 11 will be compared.
8. When are you supposed to use endif to end the conditional statement? - When the original if was followed by : and then the code block without braces.
9. Explain the ternary conditional operator in PHP? - Expression preceding the ? is evaluated, if it’s true, then the expression preceding the : is executed, otherwise, the expression following : is executed.
10. How do I find out the number of parameters passed into function? - func_num_args() function returns the number of parameters passed in.
11. If the variable $a is equal to 5 and variable $b is equal to character a, what’s the value of $$b? - 100, it’s a reference to existing variable.
12. What’s the difference between accessing a class method via -> and via ::? - :: is allowed to access methods that can perform static operations, i.e. those, which do not require object initialization.
13. Are objects passed by value or by reference? - Everything is passed by value.
14. How do you call a constructor for a parent class? - parent::constructor($value)
15. What’s the special meaning of __sleep and __wakeup? - __sleep returns the array of all the variables than need to be saved, while __wakeup retrieves them.
16. Why doesn’t the following code print the newline properly?    <?php
                $str = ‘Hello, there.nHow are you?nThanks for visiting TechInterviews’;
                print $str;
        ?>
    Because inside the single quotes the n character is not interpreted as newline, just as a sequence of two characters - and n.
17. Would you initialize your strings with single quotes or double quotes? - Since the data inside the single-quoted string is not parsed for variable substitution, it’s always a better idea speed-wise to initialize a string with single quotes, unless you specifically need variable substitution.
18. How come the code <?php print "Contents: $arr[1]"; ?> works, but <?php print "Contents: $arr[1][2]"; ?> doesn’t for two-dimensional array of mine? - Any time you have an array with more than one dimension, complex parsing syntax is required. print "Contents: {$arr[1][2]}" would’ve worked.
19. What is the difference between characters 23 and x23? - The first one is octal 23, the second is hex 23.
20. With a heredoc syntax, do I get variable substitution inside the heredoc contents? - Yes.
21. I want to combine two variables together:

    $var1 = 'Welcome to ';
     $var2 = 'TechInterviews.com';
    

    What will work faster? Code sample 1:
    

    $var 3 = $var1.$var2;
    

    Or code sample 2:
    
    

    $var3 = "$var1$var2";
    

    Both examples would provide the same result - $var3 equal to "Welcome to TechInterviews.com". However, Code Sample 1 will work significantly faster. Try it out with large sets of data (or via concatenating small sets a million times or so), and you will see that concatenation works significantly faster than variable substitution.
22. For printing out strings, there are echo, print and printf. Explain the differences. - echo is the most primitive of them, and just outputs the contents following the construct to the screen. print is also a construct (so parentheses are optional when calling it), but it returns TRUE on successful output and FALSE if it was unable to print out the string. However, you can pass multiple parameters to echo, like:

    <?php echo 'Welcome ', 'to', ' ', 'TechInterviews!'; ?>

    and it will output the string "Welcome to TechInterviews!" print does not take multiple parameters. It is also generally argued that echo is faster, but usually the speed advantage is negligible, and might not be there for future versions of PHP. printf  is a function, not a construct, and allows such advantages as formatted output, but it’s the slowest way to print out data out of echo, print and printf.
23. I am writing an application in PHP that outputs a printable version of driving directions. It contains some long sentences, and I am a neat freak, and would like to make sure that no line exceeds 50 characters. How do I accomplish that with PHP? - On large strings that need to be formatted according to some length specifications, use wordwrap() or chunk_split().
24. What’s the output of the ucwords function in this example?

    $formatted = ucwords("TECHINTERVIEWS IS COLLECTION OF INTERVIEW QUESTIONS");
     print $formatted;

    What will be printed is TECHINTERVIEWS IS COLLECTION OF INTERVIEW QUESTIONS.
    ucwords() makes every first letter of every word capital, but it does not lower-case anything else. To avoid this, and get a properly formatted string, it’s worth using strtolower() first.
25. What’s the difference between htmlentities() and htmlspecialchars()? - htmlspecialchars only takes care of <, >, single quote ‘, double quote " and ampersand. htmlentities translates all occurrences of character sequences that have different meaning in HTML.
26. What’s the difference between md5(), crc32() and sha1() crypto on PHP? - The major difference is the length of the hash generated. CRC32 is, evidently, 32 bits, while sha1() returns a 128 bit value, and md5() returns a 160 bit value. This is important when avoiding collisions.
27. So if md5() generates the most secure hash, why would you ever use the less secure crc32() and sha1()? - Crypto usage in PHP is simple, but that doesn’t mean it’s free. First off, depending on the data that you’re encrypting, you might have reasons to store a 32-bit value in the database instead of the 160-bit value to save on space. Second, the more secure the crypto is, the longer is the computation time to deliver the hash value. A high volume site might be significantly slowed down, if frequent md5() generation is required.
28. How do you match the character ^ at the beginning of the string? - ^^

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8086 Microprocessor interview questions

1. What are the flags in 8086? - In 8086 Carry flag, Parity flag, Auxiliary carry flag, Zero flag, Overflow flag, Trace flag, Interrupt flag, Direction flag, and Sign flag.
2. What are the various interrupts in 8086? - Maskable interrupts, Non-Maskable interrupts.
3. What is meant by Maskable interrupts? - An interrupt that can be turned off by the programmer is known as Maskable interrupt.
4. What is Non-Maskable interrupts? - An interrupt which can be never be turned off (ie.disabled) is known as Non-Maskable interrupt.
5. Which interrupts are generally used for critical events? - Non-Maskable interrupts are used in critical events. Such as Power failure, Emergency, Shut off etc.,
6. Give examples for Maskable interrupts? - RST 7.5, RST6.5, RST5.5 are Maskable interrupts
7. Give example for Non-Maskable interrupts? - Trap is known as Non-Maskable interrupts, which is used in emergency condition.
8. What is the Maximum clock frequency in 8086? - 5 Mhz is the Maximum clock frequency in 8086.
9. What are the various segment registers in 8086? - Code, Data, Stack, Extra Segment registers in 8086.
10. Which Stack is used in 8086? - FIFO (First In First Out) stack is used in 8086.In this type of Stack the first stored information is retrieved first.
11. What are the address lines for the software interrupts? -
    
    
    

    RST 0	0000 H
    RST1	0008 H
    RST2	0010 H
    RST3	0018 H
    RST4	0020 H
    RST5	0028 H
    RST6	0030 H
    RST7	0038 H

12. What is SIM and RIM instructions? - SIM is Set Interrupt Mask. Used to mask the hardware interrupts. RIM is Read Interrupt Mask. Used to check whether the interrupt is Masked or not.
13. Which is the tool used to connect the user and the computer? - Interpreter is the tool used to connect the user and the tool.
14. What is the position of the Stack Pointer after the PUSH instruction? - The address line is 02 less than the earlier value.
15. What is the position of the Stack Pointer after the POP instruction? - The address line is 02 greater than the earlier value.
16. Logic calculations are done in which type of registers? - Accumulator is the register in which Arithmetic and Logic calculations are done.
17. What are the different functional units in 8086? - Bus Interface Unit and Execution unit, are the two different functional units in 8086.
18. Give examples for Micro controller? - Z80, Intel MSC51 &96, Motorola are the best examples of Microcontroller.
19. What is meant by cross-compiler? - A program runs on one machine and executes on another is called as cross-compiler.
20. What are the address lines for the hardware interrupts? -
    
    
    

    RST 7.5	003C H
    RST 6.5	0034 H
    RST 5.5	002C H
    TRAP	0024 H

21. Which Segment is used to store interrupt and subroutine return address registers? - Stack Segment in segment register is used to store interrupt and subroutine return address registers.
22. Which Flags can be set or reset by the programmer and also used to control the operation of the processor? - Trace Flag, Interrupt Flag, Direction Flag.
23. What does EU do? - Execution Unit receives program instruction codes and data from BIU, executes these instructions and store the result in general registers.
24. Which microprocessor accepts the program written for 8086 without any changes? - 8088 is that processor.
25. What is the difference between 8086 and 8088? - The BIU in 8088 is 8-bit data bus & 16- bit in 8086.Instruction queue is 4 byte long in 8088and 6 byte in 8086.

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